Perspective in Nanoneural Electronic Implants With Wireless Power-Feed and Sensory Control

An electrode and batteries for DBS controlling the motor action of a PD patient

Implementation scheme of the wireless power and signal feed back by PPD for NEI

Dipole rectenna built on flexible membrane and its equivalent circuit

An array of dipole rectennas with a PPD couples with microwave to generate DC power for DBS

A wireless power receiver with a PPD is implanted for DBS. The wireless power receiver couples with incident microwave field.

Schematic diagram of the NEI at the tip of PPD

A magnetic induction coils with a PPD couples with a rotating magnetic field for DC power for DBS

Schematic diagram of wireless power transmission to PPD. When rectenna array couples with incident microwave, the DC power is generated on a thin-film rectenna array plate that is placed just under head skin tissue. The power is multiplexed for feeding power for DBS and sensors at the tip of PPD.

Schematic diagram of wireless power transmission to PPD. When rotating magnetic fluxes cut through induction coil, the power is generated on a thin-film induction coil plate that is placed just under head skin tissue. The power is multiplexed for feeding power for DBS and sensors at the tip of PPD.

Wireless power and logic circuit unit using a low power microwave

Schematic diagram of the neural nanowire implant on silicon using nanowires and cultured neurites

Wireless module and antenna on hat

Dipole rectenna array

Experimental setup for rectenna performance measurement

Output voltage of polyimide rectenna versus distances from the horn

Output current profiles from polyimide rectenna along with distances from injection horn

Output power of polyimide rectenna versus distances

Output voltage of polyimide rectenna through various thickness of polyurethane at 100 cm from the injection horn

Output voltage captured by a rectenna array through a pig skin (1.7–2.2 mm thick)

Output power measured by a rectenna array with and without pig skin

(a) Membrane inductor coil and (b) transducer

Schematic of the neuron architecture at the cerebral cortex and the comparison of the mechanism of cortical surface recording using QD nanoelectrode arrays versus current technologies of intracortical recording using long MEAs. Cortex architecture is adapted from Ref. 14.

QD chemical/voltage/pressure sensor on PPD

QD or NSS populated biosensor head

(Top) Fabricated zone plate as microring grating, and (bottom) color dispersion of microring grating near a focal point (25)

Design—I: Microring grating spectrometer for parallel lights (25)

(a) SEM image (stage tile=52 deg) of half transparent ring grating based on zone plate, and (b) optical microscope image of the same with a light source in transmission mode

(a) Mathematical simulation of photon intensities with three wavelengths (red: 630 nm, green: 532 nm, blue: 450 nm) on the optical axis (graph’s x-axis is real optical distance Z); (b) measured microspectrometer spectrum (x-axis is in wavelength) from mixed yellow light (inset picture) of red (630 nm) and green (532 nm) lasers

Photon intensity simulation on optical axis, dotted green line=half transparent grating with λ=532 nm, solid green line=full transparent grating with step height difference, and red and blue lines indicates 630 nm and 450 nm photons with various phase matching errors

Generalized view of microspectrometer for medical and space applications