Developments in the Mechanics of Reinforced Soil: Empirical Background and Analytical Approaches

Reinforced soil (RS) is a composite material built of a soil matrix reinforced with other materials such as metal strips, geosynthetics etc. RS has been increasingly used in civil engineering, either as a cheaper alternative to classical geotechnical structures, or as an independent technical solution. The aim of this article is to present a state-of-the-art review concerning the mechanics of RS and mechanics of RS structures. Research on both subjects was initiated by pioneering works of H Vidal in the 1960s. First, a brief introduction is presented followed by a review of mechanical models of RS, including rigid-plastic, elasto-plastic, and rheological. Then, the methods of analysis of RS structures are discussed. These methods include the limit states approach, determination of stresses, creep etc. Some research needs are also outlined. The article is presented in the form of a tutorial review which also includes a state-of-the-art review and a basic bibliographical survey. There are 200 references.