The goal of this work is to investigate the feasibility of a hybrid solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) and gas turbine (GT) system for mobile power production. A system consisting of a gas turbine, a burner, and an SOFC is examined to gain fundamental understanding of the system dynamics. A control oriented dynamic model is developed to provide the critically needed tool for system feasibility analysis and control strategy design. System optimization and transient analysis are performed based on the system model to determine the desired operating conditions and load following limitations. It is shown that the open loop system will shut down in the case of a large load step. Based on the insights learned from the open loop analysis, a feedback control scheme is proposed. The feedback scheme is based on a reference governor, which modifies the load applied to the generator to guarantee stability and fast tracking during transients.
Issue Section:
Research Papers
1.
Xi
, H.
, 2007, “Dynamic Modeling and Control of Planar SOFC Power Systems
,” Ph.D. thesis, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI.2.
Tsourapas
, V.
, Sun
, J.
, and Stefanopoulou
, A.
, 2004, “Modeling and Dynamics of a Fuel Cell Combined Heat Power System for Marine Applications
,” IASME Transactions
, 2
(1
), pp. 287
–293
.3.
Tsourapas
, V.
, Stefanopoulou
, A.
, and Sun
, J.
, 2007, “Model-Based Control of an Integrated Fuel Cell and Fuel Processor With Exhaust Heat Recirculation
,” IEEE Trans. Control Syst. Technol.
1063-6536, 15
, pp. 233
–245
.4.
Lundberg
, W. L.
, Veyo
, S. E.
, and Moeckel
, M. D.
, 2003, “A high-Efficiency Solid Oxide Fuel Cell Hybrid Power System Using the Mercury 50 Advanced Turbine Systems Gas Turbine
,” ASME J. Eng. Gas Turbines Power
0742-4795, 125
, pp. 51
–57
.5.
Kuchonthara
, P.
, Bhattacharya
, S.
, and Tsutsumi
, A.
, 2003, “Energy Recuperation in Solid Oxide Fuel Cell (SOFC) and Gas Turbine (GT) Combined System
,” J. Power Sources
, 117
, pp. 7
–13
. 0378-77536.
Kimijima
, S.
, and Kasagi
, N.
, 2005, “Cycle Analysis of Micro Gas Turbine Molten Carbonate Fuel Cell Hybrid System
,” JSME Int. J., Ser. B
1340-8054, 48
, pp. 65
–74
.7.
Silveira
, J.
, and Gomes
, L.
, 1999, “Fuel Cell Cogeneration System: A Case of Technoeconomic Analysis
,” Renewable Sustainable Energy Rev.
1364-0321, 3
, pp. 233
–242
.8.
Yi
, Y.
, Rao
, A. D.
, Brouwer
, J.
, and Samuelsen
, G. S.
, 2004, “Analysis and Optimization of a Solid Oxide Fuel Cell and Intercooled Gas Turbine (SOFC-ICGT) Hybrid Cycle
,” J. Power Sources
0378-7753, 132
, pp. 77
–85
.9.
Yang
, W.
, Park
, S.
, Kim
, T.
, Kim
, J.
, Sohn
, J.
, and Ro
, S.
, 2006, “Design Performance Analysis of Pressurized Solid Oxide Fuel Cell/Gas Turbine Hybrid Systems Considering Temperature Constraints
,” J. Power Sources
, 160
, pp. 462
–473
. 0378-775310.
Massardo
, A. F.
, and Lubelli
, F.
, 2000, “Internal Reforming Solid Oxide Fuel Cell-Gas Turbine Combined Cycles (IRSOFC-GT): Part A—Cell Model and Cycle Thermodynamic Analysis
,” ASME J. Eng. Gas Turbines Power
0742-4795, 122
, pp. 27
–35
.11.
Uechi
, H.
, Kimijima
, S.
, and Kasagi
, N.
, 2004, “Cycle Analysis of Gas Turbine-Fuel Cell Cycle Hybrid Micro Generation System
,” ASME J. Eng. Gas Turbines Power
0742-4795, 126
, pp. 755
–762
.12.
Palsson
, J.
, Selimovic
, A.
, and Sjunnesson
, L.
, 2000, “Combined Solid Oxide Fuel Cell and Gas Turbine Systems for Efficient Power and Heat Generation
,” J. Power Sources
0378-7753, 86
, pp. 442
–448
.13.
Song
, T. W.
, Sohna
, J. L.
, Kim
, T. S.
, and Ro
, S. T.
, 2006, “Performance Characteristics of a MW-Class SOFC/GT Hybrid System Based on a Commercially Available Gas Turbine
,” J. Power Sources
, 158
, pp. 361
–367
. 0378-775314.
Chung
, T. -D.
, Chyou
, Y. -P.
, Hong
, W. -T.
, Cheng
, Y. -N.
, and Lin
, K. -F.
, 2007, “Influence of Energy Recuperation on the Efficiency of a Solid Oxide Fuel Cell Power System
,” Energy Fuels
, 21
, pp. 314
–321
. 0887-062415.
Lokurlu
, A.
, Grube
, T.
, Hohlein
, B.
, and Stolten
, D.
, 2003, “Fuel Cells for Mobile and Stationary Applications—Cost Analysis for Combined Heat and Power Stations on the Basis of Fuel Cells
,” Int. J. Hydrogen Energy
0360-3199, 28
, pp. 703
–711
.16.
Au
, S. F.
, McPhail
, S. J.
, Woudstra
, N.
, and Hemmes
, K.
, 2003, “The Influence of Operating Temperature on the Efficiency of a Combined Heat and Power Fuel Cell Plant
,” J. Power Sources
0378-7753, 122
, pp. 37
–46
.17.
Murshed
, A. M.
, Huang
, B.
, and Nandakumar
, K.
, 2007, “Control Relevant Modeling of Planer Solid Oxide Fuel Cell System
,” J. Power Sources
, 163
, pp. 830
–845
. 0378-775318.
Wang
, X.
, Huang
, B.
, and Chen
, T.
, 2007, “Data-Driven Predictive Control for Solid Oxide Fuel Cells
,” J. Process Control
, 17
, pp. 103
–114
. 0959-152419.
Roberts
, R. A.
, and Brouwer
, J.
, 2006, “Dynamic Simulation of a Pressurized 220 kW Solid Oxide Fuel-Cell Gas-Turbine Hybrid System: Modeled Performance Compared to Measured Results
,” J. Power Sources
, 3
, pp. 18
–25
. 0378-775320.
Wächter
, C.
, Lunderstädt
, R.
, and Joos
, F.
, 2006, “Dynamic Model of a Pressurized SOFC/Gas Turbine Hybrid Power Plant for the Development of Control Concepts
,” ASME J. Fuel Cell Sci. Technol.
1550-624X, 3
, pp. 271
–279
.21.
Stiller
, C.
, Thorud
, B.
, and Bolland
, O.
, 2006, “Safe Dynamic Operation of a Simple SOFC/GT Hybrid System
,” ASME J. Eng. Gas Turbines Power
0742-4795, 128
, pp. 551
–559
.22.
Stiller
, C.
, Thorud
, B.
, Bolland
, O.
, Kandepu
, R.
, and Imsland
, L.
, 2006, “Control Strategy for a Solid Oxide Fuel Cell and Gas Turbine Hybrid System
,” J. Power Sources
0378-7753, 158
, pp. 303
–315
.23.
Tsourapas
, V.
, 2007, “Control Analysis of Integrated Fuel Cell Systems With Energy Recuperation Devices
,” Ph.D. thesis, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI.24.
Sun
, J.
, and Kolmanovsky
, I.
, 2005, “A Robust Load Governor for Fuel Cell Oxygen Starvation Protection
,” IEEE Trans. Control Syst. Technol.
1063-6536, 13
, pp. 911
–920
.25.
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, H.
, 2002, Nonlinear Systems
, 3rd ed., Prentice-Hall
, Englewood Cliffs, NJ
.Copyright © 2009
by American Society of Mechanical Engineers
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