..., barium, and antimony, they cannot be uniquely classified as gunshot residue (GSR) under ASTM designation E 1588-95. In many types of 0.22 caliber rimfire ammunition, the cartridge contains a primer sensitized with glass. In this paper we describe a previously unreported type of GSR particle consisting...

...MM Houck, BS This book expands the Taylor and Francis series in forensic science with the topics of glass and paint and their examination in the forensic laboratory. Overall, the book is a solid addition to a forensic scientist's library, but only as an addition (more on that later). The chapters...

...RD Koons, Ph.D.; JA Buscaglia, Ph.D. The concentrations of ten elements in 209 unrelated glass specimens received as evidence were used to assess the frequencies of errors of false association (Type II errors) using several comparison criteria at specified significance levels (Type I errors...

...RD Koons, Ph.D.; J Buscaglia, M.S. The frequency distributions of refractive index and the concentrations of ten elements in 204 glass specimens received as evidence in casework were evaluated. These data were used to estimate the probability of randomly selecting, from a general population...

... analysis of glass. However, the technique places severe restrictions on sample preparation. High concentrations of acids or dissolved solids, changes in sample viscosity and molecular compound formation can cause physical, spectral and chemical interference. Solubilization of the glass samples based...

...JJ Lentini, B.A. The author conducted a series of tests to examine the usefulness of crazed glass as an indicator of abnormal fire behavior. Despite widely held beliefs and widely published statements that crazing of glass is a result of exposure to rapidly increasing temperature, the test results...

...SJ Pitts, Ph.D.; B Kratochvil, Ph.D. Instrumental neutron activation analysis (INAA) and cyclic INAA (CINAA) techniques were used for the discrimination of flat glass fragments. Employing short irradiation, delay, and count times, sample test portions of 100 µg and 1 mg (INAA) or 1 and 5 mg (CINAA...

...J Michael Marcouiller, B.S. A revised glass annealing method is presented that results in the separation of tempered glass from the other common glass types. The method uses a temperature programmable muffle furnace that allows a very slow annealing process. The possibility of separating bottle...

...JI Thornton, D.Crim. A k value represents a type of summary statistic by means of which glass evidence may be interpreted. This statistic is defined as k = V/D , where the dispersion V = ( n D − 1)/( n F − n C ), and where D is the density. The k value is therefore the slope of a line through...

...A Zeichner, Ph.D.; G Feingold, M.Sc. A simple method is described to convert the flat microscope slide into an improved sample holder for refractive index determination of single, small, glass fragments and their subsequent easy recovery for additional examinations. TECHNICAL NOTE Arie Zeichner...

... of bromoform/bromobenzene mixtures will then permit an estimation to be made of the density of the liquid, and by extension, the glass. This represents an alternative to the pycnometer method for the determination of the absolute value of the density. An estimation of the density will permit an opinion...

...SG Ryland, B.S. The value of source-type classification for small fragments of glass encountered in trace evidence casework is restressed. The incorporation of classification techniques into the classical refractive index/density comparison scheme is described. The techniques employed...

...RW Mires, Ph.D. Magnetic susceptibility measurements over the temperature range 4 to 300K have been used to identify and distinguish among various samples of headlight glass. With a few exceptions, it is found that the technique can be useful in such applications and that improvements in accuracy...

...JI Thornton, D.Crim.; PJ Cashman, D.Crim. Conventional attitudes within the forensic science community concerning the fracturing of glass center around tensile failure of the glass, frequently depicted as a “bending” of the glass. While this is not conceptually incorrect, it represents only one...

...EO Espinoza, M.P.H.; JI Thornton, D.Crim. Graphical representations of glass density versus refractive index data have classically been in the form of two-dimensional scattergrams. For the purpose of illustrating how common or uncommon a particular glass sample is, a three-dimensional projection...

...JI Thornton, D.Crim.; PJ Cashman, D.Crim. It was determined that tempered glass automobile windows may severely influence the trajectory of .38 Special projectiles. In replicating an actual case situation, deflections as great as 26.4° were observed with jacketed hollow-point ammunition...

... to the broken ceramic plus insulators in order to examine the uniqueness of the latter in the breaking of tempered glass. A plausible mechanism was presented attributing the great efficiency of the insulators to their hardness in relation to other materials (MOHS scale), and to their potential...

...F Brewster, M.Sc.; JW Thorpe, Ph.D.; G Gettinby, Ph.D.; B Caddy, Ph.D. It has been demonstrated that the number of particles of glass transferred to fabric is dependent upon fabric type and particle size but that the loss of particles is primarily determined by particle size. Fay Brewster, 1M. Sc...

...GA Brown, B.A. A 400-sample glass refractive index (RI) survey is reported. Differences in RI distribution between sheet and patterned glasses and between glass from old and young buildings are reported and discussed. Guy A. Brown, 1B.A. Factors Affecting the Refractive Index Distribution of Window...

...JI Thornton, D.Crim.; C Langhauser, M.P.H.; D Kahane, M.P.H. Regression analysis and analysis of covariance demonstrates (1) a high correlation between glass density and refractive index and (2) continuity in the regression line throughout the entire range of glass density values. Once a refractive...