Abstract
Free swell tests are commonly used for identifying expansive clays and to predict the swelling potential. The method as proposed by Holtz and Gibbs suffers from inaccuracies in volume measurement of dry powder in air. In this paper, a nondimensional modified free swell index is proposed, which removes the uncertainties present in the Holtz and Gibbs method. The modified free swell index is shown to bear unique correlations with liquid limit (volume basis) and percent swell of oedometer specimens compacted to proctor optimum conditions.
Issue Section:
Technical Notes
References
1.
Holtz
, W. G.
and Gibbs
, H. J.
, “Engineering Properties of Expansive Clays
,” Transactions of the American Society of Civil Engineers
0066-0604, Vol. 121
, 1956
, pp. 641
-677
.2.
Kruyt
, H. R.
, Colloid Science
, Elsevier
, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
, 1952
.3.
Norrish
, K.
, “The Swelling of Montmorillonite
,” Discussion The Faraday Society
, Vol. 18
, 1954
, pp. 120
-134
.4.
Nishida
, Y.
, Nakagawa
, S.
, and Koike
, H.
, “On Swelling Pressure of Clays
,” Proceedings of IV ARC on SM and FE
, Vol. 1
, Bangkok, Thailand
, 1971
, pp. 391
-395
.5.
Anderson
, J. N.
and Lade
, P. V.
, “The Expansion Index Test
,” Geotechnical Testing Journal
0149-6115, Vol. 4
, No. 2
, 06
1981
, pp. 58
-67
.6.
Mohan
, D.
, “Consolidation and Strength Characteristics of Indian Black Cotton Soils
,” Proceedings of the IV International Conference on SM and FE
, Vol. I
, London
, 1957
, pp. 74
-76
.7.
Kinsky
, J.
, Frydmann
, S.
, and Zaslavasky
, D.
, “The Effect of Different Dielectric Liquids on the Engineering Properties of Clays
,” Proceedings of the IV Asian Regional Conference on SM and FE
, Vol. 1
, Bangkok, Thailand
, 1971
, pp. 367
-372
.8.
Gromko
, G. J.
, “Review of Expansive Soils
,” Journal of Geotechnical Engineering Division, Proceedings of the ASCE
, Vol. 100
, No. GT6
, 1974
, pp. 667
-687
.9.
Saxena
, K. R.
, Venkatarao
, C.
, and Narasimhan
, M. K.
, “Free Swell and Swell Pressure Test on Expansive Soils
,” Proceedings of First National Symposium on Expansive Soils
, Vol. I
, Kanpur, India
, 12
1977
, pp. 5.1-5.6.10.
Dawson
, R. F.
, “Discussion on ‘Engineering Properties of Expansive Clays’ by Holtz and Gibbs
,” Transactions of the ASCE
, Vol. 121
, 1956
, pp. 664
-677
.11.
Chen
, F. H.
, “Foundations on Expansive Soils
, Elsevier Scientific Publishing Co.
, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
, 1975
.12.
Sridharan
, A.
, Sudhakar
, M. R.
, and Murthy
, N. S.
, “Free Swell Index of Soils: A Need for Redefinition
,” Indian Geotechnical Journal
, Vol. 15
, No. 2
, 04
1985
, pp. 94
-99
.13.
MacEwan
, D. M. C.
, “Complex Formation Between Montmorillonite and Holloysite and Certain Organic Compounds
,” Transactions of the Faraday Society
, Vol. 44
, 1948
, pp. 349
-367
.14.
Mackenzie
, R. C.
, “Complexes of Clays with Organic Compounds
,” Transactions of the Faraday Society
, Vol. 44
, 1948
, pp. 368
-375
.15.
Green
, W. J.
, Lee
, G. F.
, and Jones
, R. A.
, “Impact of Organic Solvents on the Integrity of Clay Liners for Industrial Waste Disposal Pits: Implication for Ground Water Contamination
,” Report to U.S. EPA Robert S. Kerr Environmental Laboratory
, Ada, OK, 1980
.16.
Lambe
, T. W.
and Whitman
, R. V.
, Soil Mechanics
, John Wiley and Sons, Inc.
, New York
, 1969
.17.
Murray
, R. S.
and Quirk
, J. P.
, “The Physical Swelling of Clays in Solvents
,” Soil Science Society of America Journal
0361-5995, Vol. 46
, 1982
, pp. 865
-868
.18.
Chen
, F. H.
, Proceedings of the First International Research and Engineering Conference on Expansive Soils
, Texas A&M University
, College Station, TX
, 1965
, pp. 152
-171
.
This content is only available via PDF.
All rights reserved. This material may not be reproduced or copied, in whole or in part, in any printed, mechanical, electronic, film, or other distribution and storage media, without the written consent of ASTM International.
You do not currently have access to this content.