... systems are damaged. More LIB thermal runaway events for different applications are enumerated in Ref. [ 9 ] between 2006 and 2012. Lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) have been gaining more interest recently because of their wide range of potential applications [ 1 ]. Their high energy density, capacity...

... lithium-ion batteries Reynolds number battery pack battery cooling Lithium-ion batteries have been widely used in numerous applications such as electric vehicles, robots and automation, medical instruments, etc., owing to their high power density, long cycle times, and low self-discharge rates...