Abstract
To supply safe water to the arsenic affected community, an arsenic removal unit, gravel sand filter (GSF), was developed by modifying the pond sand filter (PSF) so that it can be used to overcome the dry season low flow problem of it. Performance data of that arsenic removal unit shows that it can be the most suitable option to solve that problem of the PSF. GSF uses the naturally occurring iron to remove arsenic by coprecipitation. In this process it produces arsenic rich iron sludge. Disposal of this sludge to the nature may pose a risk of secondary contamination to the stratum. Leaching tests of the arsenic rich iron sludge and the solidified sludge with cement indicates that arsenic leaching ratio of sludge ranges between 3 and 13 % and that of cement stabilized sludge is between 1 and 6 %. This means that the arsenic has a strong bond with the iron sludge and its treatment may not be difficult.
Issue Section:
Research Papers
References
1.
Ahmed
, M. F.
, “Arsenic Contamination Of Groundwater in Bangladesh
,” Arsenic Contamination: Bangladesh Perspective
, edited by M. F.
Ahmed
, ITN-Bangladesh
, Dhaka, Bangladesh
, 2003
, pp. 42
-62
.2.
Ali
, M. A.
and Ahmed
, M. F.
, “Environmental Chemistry of Arsenic
,” Arsenic Contamination: Bangladesh Perspective
, edited by M. F.
Ahmed
, ITN-Bangladesh
, Dhaka, Bangladesh
, 2003
, pp. 21
-41
.3.
Ali
, M. A.
, Badruzzaman
, A. B. M.
, Jalil
, M. A.
, Ahmed
, M. F.
, Kamruzzaman
, M.
, Rahman
, M. A.
, and Masud
, A. A.
, “Fate of Arsenic in Wastes Generated from Arsenic Removal Units
,” Fate of Arsenic in the Environment
, edited by M. F.
Ahmed
, M. A.
Ali
, and Z.
Adeel
, ITN Centre, BUET on behalf of the Bangladesh University of Engineering and Technology and the United Nations University
, Dhaka, Bangladesh
, 2003
, pp. 147
-159
.4.
Ali
, M. A.
, Badruzzaman
, A. B. M.
, Jalil
, M. A.
, Hossain
, M. D.
, Hussainuzzaman
, M. M.
, Badruzzaman
, M.
, Mohammad
, O. I.
, and Akhter
, N.
, “Development of low-cost technologies for removal of arsenic from groundwater
”, Technologies for arsenic removal from drinking water
, edited by M. F.
Ahmed
, M. A.
Ali
, and Z.
Adeel
, The editors on behalf of the Bangladesh University of Engineering and Technology and the United Nations University
, Dhaka, Bangladesh and Tokyo, Japan
, 2001
, pp. 99
-120
.5.
Badruzzaman
, A. B. M.
, “Leaching of Arsenic from Wastes of Arsenic Removal Systems
,” Fate of Arsenic in the Environment
, edited by M. F.
Ahmed
, M. A.
Ali
, and Z.
Adeel
, ITN Centre, BUET on behalf of the Bangladesh University of Engineering and Technology and the United Nations University
, Dhaka, Bangladesh
, 2003
, pp. 161
-179
.6.
British Geological Survey (BGS)
, Arsenic Contamination of Groundwater in Bangladesh
, Vol. 1
: Summary, 02
2001
.7.
Dermatas
, D.
, Moon
, D. H.
, Menounou
, N.
, Meng
, X.
, and Hires
, R.
, “An Evaluation of Arsenic Release from Monolithic Solids Using a Modified Semi-Dynamic Leaching Test
,” J. Hazard. Mater.
0304-3894 116
(1–2
), pp. 25
-38
(2004
).8.
Deutsch
, W. J.
, “Solution, Redox, and Gas Exchange Processes
,” Groundwater Geochemistry: Fundamentals and Applications to Contamination
, Lewis Publishers
, Florida
, 1997
, pp. 27
-45
.9.
Gervais
, C.
, Garrabrants
, A. C.
, Sanchez
, F.
, Barna
, R.
, Moszkowicz
, P.
, and Kosson
, D. S.
, “The Effects of Carbonation and Drying During Intermittent Leaching on the Release of Inorganic Constituents from a Cement-Based Matrix
,” Cem. Concr. Res.
0008-8846 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0008-8846(03)00248-5 34
(1
), pp. 119
-131
(2004
).10.
Hamabe
, K.
, Yokota
, H.
, Tanabe
, K.
, RGAG, and NIPSOM
, “Arsenic Contamination of Soil and Arsenic Removal from Groundwater in Bangladesh
,” Sustainability of Water Resources
, edited by Professor Goen
Ho
and Dr. Kuruvilla
Mathew
, International Water Association
, London, UK
, 2004
, pp. 41
-48
.11.
Hussainuzzaman
, M. M.
, Setoyama
, Y.
, Kataoka
, D.
, and Yokota
, H.
, “Performance and Mintenance of Arsenic Removal Unit Installed at Bangladesh
,” Proceedings of the International Symposium on Lowland Technology
, edited by Norihiko
Miura
, Organizing body: International Association of Lowland Technology; Institute of Lowland Technology, Saga University; Faculty of Engineering, Kasetsart University; Asian Centrer for Soil Improvement and Geosynthetics, Asian Institute of Technology
, Thailand
, 2004
, pp. 511
-516
.12.
Islam
, M. N.
, and Uddin
, M. N.
, “Hydrogeology and Arsenic Contamination in Bangladesh
,” Arsenic Contamination: Bangladesh Perspective
, edited by M. F.
Ahmed
, ITN-Bangladesh
, Dhaka, Bangladesh
, 2003
, pp. 101
-133
.13.
Jing
, C.
, Liu
, S.
, and Meng
, X.
, “Arsenic Leachability and Speciation in Cement Immobilized Water Treatment Sludge
,” Chemosphere
0045-6535 59
(9
), 1241
-1247
(2005
).14.
Khoe
, G. H.
, Zaw
, M.
, and Emett
, M. T.
, “Immobilisation of Arsenic and Stability of the Solid Waste
,” Proc. Water Treatment and Residues Management-Conventional and Innovative Solutions, WISMUT-haus, Kirchoffstrasse 34–36
, Chemnitz
, September 24 to 26 1997.15.
Kinniburgh
, D. G.
, Smedley
, P. L.
, Davies
, J.
, Milne
, C. J.
, Gaus
, I.
, Trafford
, J. M.
, Burden
, S.
, Huq
, S. M. I.
, Ahmad
, N.
, and Ahmed
, K. M.
, “The Scale and Causes of the Groundwater Arsenic Problem in Bangladesh
,” Arsenic in Groundwater: Geochemistry and Occurrence
, edited by A. H.
Welch
and K. G.
Stollenwerk
, Kluwer Academic Publishers
, Boston
, 2003
, pp. 211
-257
.16.
Leupin
, O. X.
and Hug
, S. J.
, “Oxidation and Removal of Arsenic (III) from Aerated Groundwater by Filtration Through Sand and Zero-Valent Iron
,” Water Res.
0043-1354 39
(9
), pp. 1729
-1740
(2005
).17.
Mamtaz
, R.
and Bache
, D. H.
, “Low-Cost Technique of Arsenic Removal from Water and its Removal Mechanism
,” Technologies for Arsenic Removal from Drinking Water
, edited by M. F.
Ahmed
, M. A.
Ali
, and Z.
Adeel
, The editors on behalf of the Bangladesh University of Engineering and Technology and The United Nations University
, Dhaka, Bangladesh and Tokyo, Japan
, 2001
, pp. 43
-58
.18.
Mollah
, M. Y. A.
, Kesmez
, M.
, and Cocke
, D. L.
, “An X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopic (FT-IR) Investigation of the Long-Term Effect on the Solidification/Stabilization (S/S) of Arsenic(V) in Portland Cement Type-V
,” Science of the Total Environment
0048-9697, 325
(1–3
), 255
-262
(2004
).19.
Peavy
, H. S.
, Rowe
, D. R.
, and Tchobanoglous
, G.
, “Engineered Systems for Water Purification
,” Environmental Engineering
, edited by K.
Verma
, and D. A.
Damstra
, McGraw-Hill, Inc.
, Singapore
, 1985
, pp. 110
-111
.20.
Phenrat
, E.
, Marhaba
, T. F.
, and Rachakornkij
, “A SEM and X-Ray Study for Study for Investigation of Solidified/Stabilized Arsenic-Iron Hydroxide Sludge
,” J. Hazard. Mater.
0304-3894 118
(1–3
), 185
-195
(2005
).21.
Stolz
, J. F.
, Basu
, P.
, and Oremland
, R. S.
, “Microbial Transformation of Elements: The Case of Arsenic and Selenium
,” International Microbiology
, 5
(4
), 201
-207
(2002
).22.
Tanabe
, K.
, Yokota
, H.
, Hironaka
, H.
, Tsushima
, S.
, and Kubota
, Y.
, “Arsenic Pollution of Groundwater in Bangladesh
,” Appl. Organomet. Chem.
0268-2605 15
, 241
-251
(2001
).23.
Todd
, D. K.
, Groundwater Hydrology
, 2nd Ed., John Wiley & Sons Pte. Ltd.
, Singapore
, 1980
, pp. 28
-29
.24.
Yokota
, H.
, Tanabe
, K.
, Sezaki
, M.
, Akiyoshi
, Y.
, Miyata
, T.
, Kawahara
, K.
, Tshushima
, S.
, Hironaka
, H.
, Takafuji
, H.
, Rahman
, M.
, Ahmad
, S. A.
, Sayed
, M. H. S. U.
, and Faruquee
, M. H.
, “Arsenic Contamination of Ground and Pond Water and Water Purification System Using Pond Water in Bangladesh
,” Eng. Geol. (Amsterdam)
0013-7952 60
, 323
-331
(2001
).
This content is only available via PDF.
All rights reserved. This material may not be reproduced or copied, in whole or in part, in any printed, mechanical, electronic, film, or other distribution and storage media, without the written consent of ASTM International.
You do not currently have access to this content.
