... is analyzed. A two-dimensional axial symmetric model is proposed to simulate the changes in the temperature, liquid volumetric fraction, and vapor pressure in the irradiated encrustation. To model the conservation of mass, momentum, and energy, three coupled nonlinear partial differential equations...

...-velocity finite element flow formulation is used in obtaining the velocity field during the rolling process. The hydrostatic stress is obtained by solving the momentum equations using a finite difference method. The values of Levy–Mises coefficient and strain-rate components required in the finite...