We present the BioM Innovation Database, the first of its kind containing detailed information about global biomimetic activity. We present a quantitative and qualitative analysis of the database to address the following questions: (1) Are products, which are identified as being the result of biologically inspired design (BID), actually BID and to what extent do they use biomimicry terminology in their descriptions by the designers? (2) To what extent do BID products mimic the forms, processes and interactions of biological systems? (3) To what extent do BID products exploit the scale and range of biological systems? (4) What patterns of design practice can we learn from successful BID practitioners?

References

1.
Kaplinsky
,
J.
,
2006
, “
Biomimicry Versus Humanism
,”
Archit. Des.
,
76
, pp.
66
71
.10.1002/ad.212
2.
Jacobs
,
S. R.
, “
Biomimetics I: Organizing the Foundation Will Lead to New Innovation
,”
Int. J. Nat. Des. Ecodyn.
,
9
(2), pp.
83
94
.10.2495/DNE-V9-N2-83-94
3.
Bar-Cohen
,
Y.
,
2005
, “
Biomimetics: Mimicking and Inspired-By Biology
,”
Proceedings of the SPIE Smart Structures Conference
, SPIE, San Diego, CA, Mar. 7–10, p.
101
.
4.
Bar-Cohen
,
Y.
,
2006
, “
Biomimetics: Using Nature to Inspire Human Innovation
,”
Bioinspiration Biomimetics
,
1
(1), pp.
1
12
.10.1088/1748-3182/1/1/P01
5.
Bhushan
,
B.
,
2009
, “
Biomimetics: Lessons From Nature: An Overview
,”
Philos. Trans. R. Soc. London Ser. A
,
367
(1893), pp.
1445
1486
.10.1098/rsta.2009.0011
6.
Scorza
,
F. A.
, and
Cavalheiro
,
E. A.
,
2010
, “
Biomimicry: Applying Design for Nature to Solve Problems in Epilepsy Research
,”
Epilepsy Behav.
,
18
(3), pp.
327
328
.10.1016/j.yebeh.2010.02.012
7.
Eadie
,
L.
, and
Ghosh
,
T. K.
,
2011
, “
Biomimicry in Textiles: Past, Present and Potential. An Overview
,”
J. R. Soc. Interface
,
8
(59), pp.
761
775
.10.1098/rsif.2010.0487
8.
George
,
A.
,
2011
,
Advances in Biomimetics
,
InTech
,
Rijeka, Croatia
.
9.
Linsey
,
J. S.
,
Wood
,
K. L.
, and
Markman
,
A. B.
,
2008
, “
Increasing Innovation: Presentation and Evaluation of the Wordtree Design-by-Analogy Method
,”
ASME
Paper No. DETC2008-49317.10.1115/DETC2008-49317
10.
Mak
,
T. W.
, and
Shu
,
L. H.
,
2008
, “
Using Descriptions of Biological Phenomena for Idea Generation
,”
Res. Eng. Des.
,
19
(1), pp.
21
28
.10.1007/s00163-007-0041-y
11.
Helms
,
M.
,
Vattam
,
S.
,
Goel
,
A.
,
Yen
,
J.
, and
Weissburg
,
M.
,
2008
Problem-Driven and Solution-Based Design: Twin Processes of Biologically Inspired Design
,” ACADIA 2008, Silicon + Skin: Biological Processes and Computation, Oct. 16–19.
12.
Helms
,
M.
, and
Goel
,
A. H.
,
2009
, “
Biologically Inspired Design: Process and Products
,”
Des. Stud.
,
30
(5), pp.
606
622
.10.1016/j.destud.2009.04.003
13.
Vattam
,
S.
,
Helms
,
M.
, and
Goel
,
A.
,
2007
, “
Biologically Inspired Innovation in Engineering Design: A Cognitive Study
,” Technical Report No. GIT-GVU-07-07, Graphics, Visualization and Usability Center, Georgia Institute of Technology.
14.
Vattam
,
S.
,
Helms
,
M.
, and
Goel
,
A.
,
2009
, “
Nature of Creative Analogies in Biologically Inspired Innovative Design
,”
C&C Proceedings of the Seventh ACM Conference on Creativity and Cognition
,
New York
, pp.
255
264
.
15.
Vincent
,
J. F. V.
,
Bogatyreva
,
O. A.
,
Bogatyrev
,
N. R.
,
Bowyer
,
A.
, and
Pahl
,
A.-K.
,
2006
, “
Biomimetics: Its Practice and Theory
,”
J. R. Soc. Interface
,
3
(9), pp.
471
482
.10.1098/rsif.2006.0127
16.
Wilson
,
J. O.
, and
Rosen
,
D.
,
2007
, “
Systematic Reverse Engineering of Biological Systems
,”
ASME
Paper No. DETC2007-35395.10.1115/DETC2007-35395
17.
Singh
,
L. H.
,
Hansen
,
H. N.
,
Gegeckaite
,
A.
,
Moon
,
J.
, and
Chan
,
C.
,
2006
, “
Case Study in Biomimetic Design: Handling and Assembly of Microparts
,”
ASME
Paper No. DETC2006-99398.10.1115/DETC2006-99398
18.
Chiu
,
I.
, and
Shu
,
L. H.
,
2007
, “
Biomimetic Design Through Natural Language Analysis to Facilitate Cross-Domain Information Retrieval
,”
AI EDAM
21
(
1
), pp.
45
59
.10.10170S0890060407070138
19.
Chakrabarti
,
A.
,
Sarkar
,
P.
,
Leelavathamma
,
B.
, and
Nataraju
,
B.
,
2005
, “
A Functional Representation for Aiding Biomimetic and Artificial Inspiration of New Ideas
,”
Artif. Intell. Eng. Des. Anal. Manuf.
,
19
(2), pp.
113
132
.10.1017/S0890060405050109
20.
Sarkar
,
P.
, and
Chakrabarti
,
A.
,
2008
, “
The Effect of Representation of Triggers on Design Outcomes
,”
Artificial Intelligence for Engineering Design and Manufacturing Special Issue on Multi-Modal Design
, Vol.
22
,
A. K.
Goel
,
R.
Davis
, and
J.
Gero
, eds., Cambridge University Press, p.
22
.10.1017/S0890060408000073
21.
Shu
,
L. H.
,
Stone
,
R. B.
,
McAdams
,
D. A.
, and
Greer
,
J. L.
,
2007
, “
Integrating Function-Based and Biomimetic Design for Automatic Concept Generation
,”
International Conference on Engineering Design (ICED’07)
, Paris, France, Aug. 28–31.
22.
Nagel
,
J. K. S.
,
Nagel
,
R. L.
,
Stone
,
R. B.
, and
McAdams
,
D. A.
,
2010
, “
Function-Based, Biologically Inspired Concept Generation
,”
Artif. Intell. Eng. Des. Anal. Manuf.
,
24
(4), pp.
521
535
.10.1017/S0890060410000375
23.
Cheong
,
H.
,
Chiu
,
I.
,
Shu
,
L. H.
,
Stone
,
R. B.
, and
McAdams
,
D. A.
,
2011
, “
Biologically Meaningful Keywords for Functional Terms of the Functional Basis
,”
ASME J. Mech. Des.
,
133
(2), p.
021007
.10.1115/1.4003249
24.
Nagel
,
J. K. S.
,
Stone
,
R. B.
, and
McAdams
,
D. A.
,
2010
An Engineering-to Biology Thesaurus for Engineering Design
,”
ASME
Paper No. DETC2010-28233.10.1115/DETC2010-28233
25.
Vattam
,
S.
,
Wiltgen
,
B.
,
Helms
,
M.
,
Goel
,
A. K.
, and
Yen
,
J.
,
2011
, “
DANE: Fostering Creativity in and Through Biologically Inspired Design
,”
Design Creativity 2010
,
Springer
,
London
, pp.
115
122
.
26.
Steele
,
J.
,
1960
, “
How Do We get There? Bionics Symposium: Living Prototypes: The Key to New Technology
,” WADD Technical Report No. 60-600, Wright Air Development Division, Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, OH.
27.
Gleich
,
A. V.
,
Pade
,
C.
,
Petshow
,
U.
, and
Pissarskoi
,
E.
,
2010
,
Potentials and Trends in Biomimetics
,
Springer
,
Heidelberg, Germany
.
28.
Sartori
,
J.
,
Pal
,
U.
, and
Chakrabarti
,
A.
,
2010
, “
A Methodology for Supporting
Transfer” in Biomimetic Design
,”
Artif. Intell. Eng. Des. Anal. Manuf.
,
24
(4), pp.
483
505
.10.1017/S0890060410000351
29.
Adl
,
S. M.
,
Leander
,
B. S.
,
Simpson
,
A. G.
,
Archibald
,
J. M.
,
Anderson
,
O. R.
,
Bass
,
D.
,
Bowser
,
S. S.
,
Brugerolle
,
G.
,
Farmer
,
M. A.
,
Karpov
,
S.
,
Kolisko
,
M.
,
Lane
,
C. E.
,
Lodge
,
D. J.
,
Mann
,
D. G.
,
Meisterfeld
,
R.
,
Mendoza
,
L.
,
Moestrup
,
Ø.
,
Mozley-Standridge
,
S. E.
,
Smirnov
,
A. V.
, and
Spiegel
,
F.
,
2007
, “
Diversity, Nomenclature, and Taxonomy of Protists
,”
Syst. Biol.
,
56
(4), pp.
684
689
.10.1080/10635150701494127
30.
Ax
,
P.
,
2003
,
Multicellular Animals: Order in Nature—System Made by Man. Multicellular Animals: A New Approach to the Phylogenetic Order in Nature
,
Springer
,
Berlin, Germany
.
31.
Brochier-Armanet
,
C.
,
Boussau
,
B.
,
Gribaldo
,
S.
, and
Forterre
,
P.
,
2008
, “
Mesophilic Crenarchaeota: Proposal for a Third Archaeal Phylum, the Thaumarchaeota
,”
Nat. Rev. Microbiol.
,
6
(3), pp.
245
252
.10.1038/nrmicro1852
32.
Brusca
,
R. C.
, and
Brusca
,
G. J.
,
2003
,
Invertebrates
,
Sinauer Associates
,
Sunderland
.
33.
Bryant
,
D. A.
, and
Frigaard
,
N.-U.
, “
Prokaryotic Photosynthesis and Phototrophy Illuminated
,”
Trends Microbiol.
,
14
(11), pp.
488
496
.10.1016/j.tim.2006.09.001
34.
Chapman
,
A. D.
,
2009
, “
Numbers of Living Species in Australia and the World
,”. Report for the Australian Biological Resources Study, Department of the Environment, Water, Heritage and Arts of the Australian Government, Canberra.
35.
Corliss
,
J. O.
,
2000
, “
Biodiversity, Classification, and Numbers of Species of Protists
,”
Nature and Human Society: The Quest for a Sustainable World
,
P. H.
Raven
, and
T.
William
, eds.,
National Academy Press
,
Washington, DC
, pp.
130
155
.
36.
Fiala
,
I.
,
2006
, “
The Phylogeny of Myxosporea (Myxozoa) Based on Small Subunit Ribosomal RNA Gene Analysis
,”
Int. J. Parasitol.
,
36
, pp.
1521
1534
.10.1016/j.ijpara.2006.06.016
37.
Funch
,
P.
, and
Kristensen
,
R. M.
,
1995
, “
Cycliophora is a New Phylum With Affinities to Entoprocta and Ectoprocta
,”
Nature
,
378
(6558), pp.
711
714
.10.1038/378711a0
38.
Garrity
,
G. M.
,
Bell
,
J. A.
, and
Lilburn
,
T. G.
,
2004
,
Taxonomic Outline of the Prokaryotes Bergey's Manual of Systematic Bacteriology
,
Springer
,
New York
.
39.
Gibbson
,
R.
,
1995
, “
Nemertean Genera and Species of the World: An Annotated Checklist of Original Names and Description Citations, Synonyms, Current Taxonomic Status, Habitats and Recorded Zoogeographic Distribution
,”
J. Nat. Hist.
,
29
(2), pp.
271
561
.10.1080/00222939500770161
40.
Gradstein
,
S. R.
,
Churchill
,
S. P.
, and
Salazar Allen
,
N.
,
2001
,
Guide to the Bryophytes of Tropical America (Memoirs of the New York Botanical Garden)
,
The New York Botanical Garden Press
,
New York
,
86
, p.
577
.
41.
Hoek
,
C. V. D.
,
Mann
,
D. G.
, and
Jahns
,
H. M.
,
1995
,
Algae: An Introduction to Phycology
,
Cambridge University Press
,
Cambridge, UK
, pp.
104
, 124, 134, 166.
42.
Hooper
,
J.
,
2005
,
Marine Parasitology
,
K.
Rohde
, ed.,
CSIRO
,
Collingwood, UK
.
43.
Huber
,
H.
,
Hohn
,
M. J.
,
Rachel
,
R.
,
Fuchs
,
T.
,
Wimmer
,
V. C.
, and
Stetter
,
K. O.
,
2002
, “
A New Phylum of Archaea Represented by a Nanosized Hyperthermophilic Symbiont
,”
Nature
,
417
(6884), pp.
63
67
.10.1038/417063a
44.
Jumas-Bilak
,
E.
,
Roudière
,
L.
, and
Marchandin
,
H.
,
2009
, “
Description of ‘Synergistetes' phyl. nov. and Amended Description of the Phylum
,”
Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol.
,
59
(5), pp.
1028
1035
.10.1099/ijs.0.006718-0
45.
Kersters
,
K.
,
de Vos
,
P.
,
Gillis
,
M.
,
Swings
,
J.
,
Vandamme
,
P.
, and
Stackebrandt
,
E.
,
2006
, “
Introduction to the Proteobacteria
,”
Prokaryotes
,
5
, pp.
3
37
.10.1007/0-387-30745-1
46.
Lott
,
J.
,
Liu
,
J.
,
Pennell
,
K.
,
Lesage
,
A.
, and
West
,
M.
,
2002
, “
Iron-Rich Particles and Globoids in Embryos of Seeds From Phyla Coniferophyta, Cycadophyta, Gnetophyta, and Ginkgophyta: Characteristics of Early Seed Plants
,”
Can. J. Bot.
,
80
(9), pp.
954
961
.10.1139/b02-083
47.
Mori
,
K.
,
Yamaguchi
,
K.
,
Sakiyama
,
Y.
,
Urabe
,
T.
, and
Suzuki
,
K.-I.
,
2009
, “
Caldisericum exile gen. nov., sp. nov., an Anaerobic, Thermophilic, Filamentous Bacterium of a Novel Bacterial Phylum, Caldiserica phyl. nov., Originally Called the Candidate Phylum OP5, and Description of Caldisericaceae fam. nov., Caldisericales ord. nov. and Caldisericia classis nov.
,”
Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol.
,
59
(11), pp.
2894
2898
.10.1099/ijs.0.010033-0
48.
Perkins
,
F. O.
,
Barta
,
J. R.
,
Clopton
,
R. E.
,
Peirce
,
M. A.
, and
Upton
,
S. J.
,
2000
,
Phylum Apicomplexa. An Illustrated Guide to the Protozoa
,
J. J.
Lee
,
G. F.
Leedale
, and
P.
Bradbury
, eds.,
Society of Protozoologists
,
Lawrence, KS
.
49.
Philippe
,
H.
,
Brinkmann
,
H.
,
Copley
,
R. R.
,
Moroz
,
L. L.
,
Nakano
,
H.
,
Poustka
,
A.
,
Wallberg
,
A.
,
Peterson
,
K. J.
, and
Telford
,
M. J.
,
2011
, “
Acoelomorph Flatworms are Deuterostomes Related to Xenoturbella
,”
Nature
,
470
(7333), pp.
255
260
.10.1038/nature09676
50.
Sayers
,
E. W.
,
Barrett
,
T.
,
Benson
,
D. A.
,
Bolton
,
E.
,
Bryant
,
S. H.
,
Canese
,
K.
,
Chetvernin
,
V.
,
Church
,
D. M.
,
DiCuccio
,
M.
,
Federhen
,
S.
,
Feolo
,
M.
,
Fingerman
,
I. M.
,
Geer
,
L. Y.
,
Helmberg
,
W.
,
Kapustin
,
Y.
,
Krasnov
,
S.
,
Landsman
,
D.
,
Lipman
,
D. J.
,
Lu
,
Z.
,
Madden
,
T. L.
,
Madej
,
T.
,
Maglott
,
D. R.
,
Marchler-Bauer
,
A.
,
Miller
,
V.
,
Karsch-Mizrachi
,
I.
,
Ostell
,
J.
,
Panchenko
,
A.
,
Phan
,
L.
,
Pruitt
,
K. D.
,
Schuler
,
G. D.
,
Sequeira
,
E.
,
Sherry
,
S. T.
,
Shumway
,
M.
,
Sirotkin
,
K.
,
Slotta
,
D.
,
Souvorov
,
A.
,
Starchenko
,
G.
,
Tatusova
,
T. A.
,
Wagner
,
L.
,
Wang
,
Y.
,
Wilbur
, W.
J.
,
Yaschenko
,
E.
, and
Ye
,
J.
, “
National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) Taxonomy Database
,” (accessed Apr. 21,
2013
) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/taxonomy
51.
Voigt
,
O.
,
Collins
,
A. G.
,
Buchsbaum Pearse
,
V.
,
Ender
,
A.
,
Hadrys
,
H.
, and
Schierwater
,
B.
,
2004
, “
Placozoa: No Longer a Phylum of One
,”
Curr. Biol.
,
14
(22), pp.
R944
R945
.10.1016/j.cub.2004.10.036
52.
Zhang
,
Z.-Q.
,
2011
, “
Animal Biodiversity: An Introduction to Higher-Level Classification and Taxonomic Richness
,”
Zootaxa
,
3148
, pp.
7
12
.
53.
May
,
R. M.
,
1988
, “
How Many Species Are There on Earth?
,”
Science
,
241
(4872), pp.
1441
1449
.10.1126/science.241.4872.1441
54.
Pedersen Zari
,
M.
,
2007
, “
Biomimetic Approaches to Architectural Design for Increased Sustainability
,”
The SB07 New Zealand Sustainable Conference
, Auckland, New Zealand Paper No. 33.
55.
Murphy
,
W. L.
, and
Mooney
,
D. J.
,
2002
, “
Molecular-Scale Biomimicry
,”
Nat. Biotechnol.
,
20
(1), pp.
30
31
.10.1038/nbt0102-30
56.
Palmer
,
L. C.
,
Newcomb
,
C. J.
,
Kaltz
,
S. R.
,
Spoerke
,
E. D.
, and
Stupp
,
S. I.
,
2008
, “
Biomimetic Systems for Hydroxyapatite Mineralization Inspired by Bone and Enamel
,”
Chem. Rev.
,
108
(11), pp.
4754
4783
.10.1021/cr8004422
57.
Vallée-Bélisle
,
A.
, and
Plaxco
,
K. W.
,
2010
, “
Structure-Switching Biosensors: Inspired by Nature
,”
Curr. Opin. Struct. Biol.
,
20
(4), pp.
518
526
.10.1016/j.sbi.2010.05.001
58.
Bensaude-Vincent
,
B.
,
2011
, “
A Cultural Perspective on Biomimetics
,”
Advances in biomimetics
,
A.
George
, ed.,
InTech
,
Rijeka, Croatia
.
59.
Podsiadlo
,
P.
,
Kaushik
,
A. K.
,
Shim
,
B. S.
,
Agarwal
,
A.
,
Tang
,
Z.
,
Waas
,
A. M.
,
Arruda
,
E. M.
, and
Kotov
,
N.
,
2008
Can Nature's Design Be Improved Upon? High Strength, Transparent Nacre-Like Nanocomposites With Double Network of Sacrificial Cross Links
,”
J. Phys. Chem. B
,
112
, pp.
14359
14363
.10.1021/jp801492n
60.
Mueller
,
T.
,
2008
, “
Biomimetics: Design by Nature
,”
Natl. Geogr.
,
213
, pp.
68
70
, 73–75, 77, 79, 81–84, 86, 88, 90.
61.
Kolle
,
M.
,
Salgard-Cunha
,
P. M.
,
Scherer
,
M. R. J.
,
Huang
,
F.
,
Vukusic
,
P.
,
Mahajan
,
S.
,
Baumberg
,
J. J.
, and
Steiner
,
U.
,
2010
, “
Mimicking the Colourful Wing Scale Structure of the Papilio Blumei Butterfly
,”
Nat. Nanotechnol.
,
5
(7), pp.
511
515
.10.1038/nnano.2010.101
62.
Rockstrom
,
J.
,
Steffen
,
W.
,
Noone
,
K.
,
Persson
,
A.
, and
Chapin
,
F. S.
,
2009
, “
Planetary Boundaries: Exploring the Safe Operating Space for Humanity
,”
Ecol. Soc.
,
14
, p.
32
.
63.
Costanza
,
R.
,
d'Arge
,
R.
,
de Groot
,
R.
,
Farberk
,
S.
,
Grasso
,
M.
,
Hannon
,
B.
,
Limburg
,
K.
,
Naeem
,
S.
,
O'Neill
,
R. V.
,
Paruelo
,
J.
,
Raskin
,
R. G.
,
Suttonkk
,
P.
, and
van den Belt
,
M.
,
1997
, “
The Value of the World's Ecosystem Services and Natural Capital
,”
Nature
,
387
(6630), pp.
253
260
.10.1038/387253a0
64.
Taube
,
M.
,
1960
, “
What Good is Bionics? Bionics Symposium: Living Prototypes: The Key to New Technology
,” WADD Technical Report No. 60-600, Wright Air Development Division, Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, OH.
You do not currently have access to this content.