An Improved Direct Forcing Immersed Boundary Method With Integrated Mooring Algorithm for Floating Offshore Wind Turbines

An upgraded direct forcing immersed boundary method is implemented in the open-source hydrodynamic framework REEF3D::CFD for simulating the six-degrees-of-freedom motions of a floating offshore wind turbine (FOWT) based on the OC5 semi-submersible design. The direct forcing method is enhanced with a new density interpolation method across the fluid–structure interface that removes unphysical spurious phenomena and ensures stable and accurate wave load calculations on floating objects. A quasi-static algorithm is used for modeling the mooring system of the OC5 platform and restraining its motions in waves. The Navier–Stokes equations are solved on a staggered structured rectilinear grid for the hydrodynamic simulations. The level-set method is used to capture the free surface of the ocean waves. A ray-casting algorithm is employed to get inside–outside information near the fluid–solid interface while maintaining the underlying Cartesian grid in the hydrodynamic domain. The performance and accuracy of the mooring algorithm are compared to the widely-used mooring model MoorDyn, which is coupled to the hydrodynamic solver in REEF3D::CFD. The study demonstrates that the enhanced direct forcing method with the integrated quasi-static mooring algorithm in REEF3D::CFD provides a robust and accurate tool, suitable for the numerical analysis of the state-of-the-art FOWT in ocean waves.