The design and construction of miniature prototype of nonimaging planar concentrator, which is capable of producing much more uniform spatial irradiance and reasonably high concentration ratio, were presented in the previous paper. In this paper, we further explore the optical characteristics of the new concentrator that is specially designed to be incorporated in concentrator photovoltaic systems. For this study, we have carried out a comprehensive analysis via numerical simulation based on all the important design parameters, i.e., array of facet mirrors, f/D ratio, receiver size, and the effect of sun-tracking error, which lead to the overall optical performance of the new concentrator.

1.
King
,
R. R.
,
Boca
,
A.
,
Hong
,
W.
,
Law
,
D.
,
Kinsey
,
G.
,
Fetzer
,
C.
,
Haddad
,
M.
,
Edmondson
,
K.
,
Yoon
,
H.
,
Pien
,
P.
, and
Karam
,
N.
, 2008, “
High-Efficiency Multijunction Photovoltaics for Low-Cost Solar Electricity
,”
21st Annual Meeting of The IEEE Lasers and Electro-Optics Society
, pp.
2
3
.
2.
McConnell
,
R.
, and
Symko-Davies
,
M.
, 2006, “
Multijunction Photovoltaic Technologies for High-Performance Concentrators
,”
Conference Record of the IEEE Fourth World Conference on Photovoltaic Energy Conversion
, pp.
733
736
.
3.
Nishioka
,
K.
,
Takamoto
,
T.
,
Agui
,
T.
,
Kaneiwa
,
M.
,
Uraoka
,
Y.
, and
Fuyuki
,
T.
, 2006, “
Evaluation of InGaP/InGaAs/Ge Triple-junction Solar Cell and Optimization of Solar Cell’s Structure Focusing on Series Resistance for High-Efficiency Concentrator Photovoltaic Systems
,”
Sol. Energy Mater. Sol. Cells
0927-0248,
90
, pp.
1308
1321
.
4.
Bett
,
A. W.
,
Burger
,
B.
,
Dimroth
,
F.
,
Siefer
,
G.
, and
Lerchenmuller
,
H.
, 2006, “
High-Concentration PV Using III-V Solar Cells
,”
Conference Record of the IEEE Fourth World Conference on Photovoltaic Energy Conversion
, pp.
615
620
.
5.
Kinsey
,
G. S.
,
Sherif
,
R. A.
,
Cotal
,
H. L.
,
Pien
,
P.
,
King
,
R. R.
,
Brandt
,
R. J.
,
Wise
,
W. G.
,
Labios
,
E. L.
,
Wan
,
K. F.
,
Haddad
,
M.
,
Lacey
,
J. M.
,
Fetzer
,
C. M.
,
Verlinden
,
P.
,
Lasich
,
J.
, and
Karam
,
N. H.
, 2006, “
Multijunction Solar Cells for Dense-Array Concentrators
,”
Conference Record of the IEEE Fourth World Conference on Photovoltaic Energy Conversion
, pp.
625
627
.
6.
Kuo
,
C. T.
,
Shin
,
H. Y.
,
Hong
,
H. F.
,
Wu
,
C. H.
,
Lee
,
C. D.
,
Lung
,
I. T.
, and
Hsu
,
Y. T.
, 2009, “
Development of the High Concentration III-V Photovoltaic System at INER, Taiwan
,”
Renewable Energy
0960-1481,
34
, pp.
1931
1933
.
7.
2006,
Energy Technologies Subvolume C: Renewable Energy
,
K.
Heinloth
, ed.,
Springer
,
New York
, pp.
242
278
.
8.
2007,
Concentrator Photovoltaics
,
A. L.
Luque
and
V. M.
Andreev
, eds.,
Springer
,
New York
, pp.
113
132
.
9.
Winston
,
R.
,
Minano
,
J. C.
, and
Benitez
,
P.
, 2005,
Non-Imaging Optics
,
Elsevier
,
New York
, pp.
1
6
.
10.
Verlinden
,
P. J.
,
Lewandowski
,
A.
,
Bingham
,
C.
,
Kinsey
,
G. S.
,
Sherif
,
R. A.
, and
Lasich
,
J. B.
, 2006, “
Performance and Reliability of Multijunction III-V Modules for Concentrator Dish and Central Receiver Applications
,”
Conference Record of the IEEE Fourth World Conference on Photovoltaic Energy Conversion
, pp.
592
597
.
11.
Andreev
,
V.
,
Grilikhes
,
V.
,
Rumyantsev
,
V.
,
Timoshina
,
N.
, and
Shvarts
,
M.
, 2003, “
Effect of Nonuiform Light Intensity Distribution on Temperature Coefficients of Concentrators Solar Cells
,”
Third World Conference on Photovoltaic Energy Conversion
, pp.
881
884
.
12.
Coventry
,
J. S.
, 2005, “
Performance of a Concentrating Photovoltaic/Thermal Solar Collector
,”
Sol. Energy
0038-092X,
78
, pp.
211
222
.
13.
Franklin
,
E.
, and
Coventry
,
J.
, 2002, “
Effects of Highly Non-Uniform Illumination Distribution on Electrical Performance of Solar Cells
,”
ANZSES Solar Conference
, New Castle, Australia.
14.
Nishioka
,
K.
,
Takamoto
,
T.
,
Agui
,
T.
,
Kaneiwa
,
M.
,
Uraoka
,
Y.
, and
Fuyuki
,
T.
, 2006, “
Annual Output Estimation of Concentrator Photovoltaic Systems Using High-Efficiency InGaP/InGaAs/Ge Triple-Junction Solar Cells Based on Experimental Solar Cell’s Characteristics and Field-Test Meteorological Data
,”
Sol. Energy Mater. Sol. Cells
0927-0248,
90
, pp.
57
67
.
15.
Faiman
,
D.
,
Biryukov
,
S.
, and
Pearlmutter
,
K. K.
, 2002, “
PETAL: A Research Pathway to Fossil-Competitive Solar Electricity
,”
Conference Record of the 29th IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference
, pp.
1384
1387
.
16.
Mills
,
D. R.
, and
Morrison
,
G. L.
, 2000, “
Compact Linear Fresnel Reflector Solar Thermal Powerplants
,”
Sol. Energy
0038-092X,
68
, pp.
263
283
.
17.
Araki
,
K.
,
Kondo
,
M.
,
Uozumi
,
H.
,
Ekins-Daukes
,
N. J.
,
Egami
,
T.
,
Hiramatsu
,
M.
,
Miyazaki
,
Y.
, and
Yamaguchi
,
M.
, 2006, “
Packaging III-V Tandem Solar Cells for Practical Terrestrial Applications Achievable to 27% of Module Efficiency by Conventional Machine Assemble Technology
,”
Sol. Energy Mater. Sol. Cells
0927-0248,
90
, pp.
3320
3326
.
18.
Kemmoku
,
Y.
,
Sakakibara
,
T.
,
Hiramatsu
,
M.
,
Miyazaki
,
Y.
, and
Egami
,
T.
, 2003, “
Field Test of a Concentrator Photovoltaic System With Flat Fresnel Lens
,”
Third World Conference on Photovoltaic Energy Conversion
, pp.
2379
2382
.
19.
Ryu
,
K.
,
Rhee
,
J. G.
,
Park
,
K. M.
, and
Kim
,
J.
, 2006, “
Concept and Design of Modular Fresnel Lenses for Concentration Solar PV System
,”
Sol. Energy
0038-092X,
80
, pp.
1580
1587
.
20.
Chen
,
Y. T.
,
Chong
,
K. K.
,
Bligh
,
T. P.
,
Chen
,
L. C.
,
Yunus
,
J.
,
Kannan
,
K. S.
,
Lim
,
B. H.
,
Lim
,
C. S.
,
Alias
,
M. A.
,
Bidin
,
N.
,
Aliman
,
O.
,
Salehan
,
S.
,
Shk. Abd. Rezan
,
S. A. H.
,
Tam
,
C. M.
, and
Tan
,
K. K.
, 2001, “
Non-Imaging, Focusing Heliostat
,”
Sol. Energy
0038-092X,
71
(
3
), pp.
155
164
.
21.
Chen
,
Y. T.
,
Chong
,
K. K.
,
Lim
,
C. S.
,
Lim
,
B. H.
,
Tan
,
K. K.
,
Aliman
,
O.
,
Bligh
,
T. P.
,
Tan
,
B. K.
, and
Ismail
,
G.
, 2002, “
Report of the First Prototype of Non-Imaging Focusing Heliostat and Its Application in High Temperature Solar Furnace
,”
Sol. Energy
0038-092X,
72
(
6
), pp.
531
544
.
22.
Chen
,
Y. T.
,
Chong
,
K. K.
,
Lim
,
B. H.
, and
Lim
,
C. S.
, 2003, “
Study of Residual Aberration for Non-Imaging Focusing Heliostat
,”
Sol. Energy Mater. Sol. Cells
0927-0248,
79
(
1
), pp.
1
20
.
23.
Chen
,
Y. T.
,
Kribus
,
A.
,
Lim
,
B. H.
,
Lim
,
C. S.
,
Chong
,
K. K.
,
Karni
,
J.
,
Buck
,
R.
,
Pfahl
,
A.
, and
Bligh
,
T. P.
, 2004, “
Comparison of Two Sun Tracking Methods in the Application of A Heliostat Field
,”
ASME J. Sol. Energy Eng.
0199-6231,
126
, pp.
638
644
.
24.
Chen
,
Y. T.
,
Chong
,
K. K.
,
Lim
,
C. S.
,
Lim
,
B. H.
,
Tan
,
B. K.
, and
Lu
,
Y. F.
, 2005, “
Report on the Second Prototype of Non-Imaging Focusing Heliostat and Its Application in Food Processing
,”
Sol. Energy
0038-092X,
79
, pp.
280
289
.
25.
Lim
,
C. S.
, and
Li
,
L.
, 2009, “
Flux Distribution of Solar Furnace Using Non-Imaging Focusing Heliostat
,”
Sol. Energy
0038-092X,
83
, pp.
1200
1210
.
26.
Chong
,
K. K.
, 2001, “
Characterization of Non-Imaging Focusing Heliostat in University of Technology Malaysia
,” Ph.D. thesis, Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Skudai, Malaysia.
27.
Chong
,
K. K.
,
Siaw
,
F. L.
,
Wong
,
C. W.
, and
Wong
,
G. S.
, 2009, “
Design and Construction of Non-Imaging Planar Concentrator for Concentrator Photovoltaic System
,”
Renewable Energy
0960-1481,
34
, pp.
1364
1370
.
You do not currently have access to this content.