Fig. 1 Model description: ( a ) geometry of PEHL point contact with a non-Newtonian lubricant and ( b ) linear hardening model More about this image found in Model description: ( a ) geometry of PEHL point contact with a non-Newtonia...

Fig. 2 Comparisons of the central pressure and central film thickness in the present study with those presented by Chu et al. [ 25 ]: ( a ) central film thickness and ( b ) central pressure More about this image found in Comparisons of the central pressure and central film thickness in the prese...

Fig. 3 Comparisons of the ball velocity and impact load in the present study with those presented by Bai et al. [ 37 ] More about this image found in Comparisons of the ball velocity and impact load in the present study with ...

Fig. 4 Comparisons of simulation results between dry contact, EHL, and PEHL ( E T = 0 GPa ): ( a ) central pressure versus time, ( b ) central film thickness versus time, ( c ) rigid ball velocity versus time, ( d ) impact load versus time, ( e ) deformation versus time, and ( f ) imp... More about this image found in Comparisons of simulation results between dry contact, EHL, and PEHL ( E...

Fig. 5 Lubricant pressure profile versus time with three different flow index, n = 0.95, n = 1.0, and n = 1.05 ( v 00 = − 0.1 m / s , E T = 0 GPa ) More about this image found in Lubricant pressure profile versus time with three different flow index, n ...

Fig. 6 Lubricant film thickness profile versus time with different flow index of lubricant of n = 0.95, n = 1.0, and n = 1.05( v 00 = − 0.1 m / s , E T = 0 GPa ) More about this image found in Lubricant film thickness profile versus time with different flow index of l...

Fig. 7 Comparison between the results of central pressure and central film thickness under different initial impact velocities of the rigid ball of −0.1 m/s, −0.2 m/s, and −0.3 m/s: ( a ) n = 0.95, ( b ) n = 1.0, and ( c ) n = 1.05 ( E T = 0 GPa ) More about this image found in Comparison between the results of central pressure and central film thickne...

Fig. 8 Dynamic responses to different initial impact velocities of the rigid ball of −0.1 m/s, −0.2 m/s, and −0.3 m/s on ( a 1– a 3) impact load and substrate central deformation versus time, ( b 1– b 3) ball velocity versus time, and ( c 1– c 3) impact load versus deformation ( E T = 0 ... More about this image found in Dynamic responses to different initial impact velocities of the rigid ball ...

Fig. 9 Variations of the von Mises stress σ von ( GPa ) under different flow index of lubricant of n = 0.95, n = 1.0, and n = 1.05 ( v 00 = − 0.1 m / s , E T = 0 GPa ) More about this image found in Variations of the von Mises stress σ von ( GPa ) under ...

Fig. 10 Variations of the plastic strain ε p ( % ) under different flow index of lubricant of n = 0.95, n = 1.0, and n = 1.05 ( v 00 = − 0.1 m / s , E T = 0 GPa ) More about this image found in Variations of the plastic strain ε p ( % ) under different flow...

Fig. 11 Dynamic responses under different strain hardening conditions of the substrate of E T = 0 and 50 GPa by different flow index on ( a ) ball velocity versus time and ( b ) impact load versus deformation ( v 00 = − 0.1 m / s ) More about this image found in Dynamic responses under different strain hardening conditions of the substr...

Fig. 12 Variations of the von Mises stress σ von ( GPa ) under different tangent modulus of substrate of E T = 10 GPa , E T = 30 GPa , and E T = 50 GPa ( v 00 = − 0.1 m / s , n = 1.05 ) More about this image found in Variations of the von Mises stress σ von ( GPa ) under ...

Fig. 13 Variations of the von Mises stress σ von ( GPa ) under different tangent modulus of substrate of E T = 10 GPa , E T = 30 GPa , and E T = 50 GPa ( v 00 = − 0.1 m / s , n = 0.95 ) More about this image found in Variations of the von Mises stress σ von ( GPa ) under ...

Fig. 14 Variations of the plastic strain ε p ( % ) under different tangent modulus of substrate of E T = 10 GPa , E T = 30 GPa , and E T = 50 GPa ( v 00 = − 0.1 m / s , n = 1.05 ) More about this image found in Variations of the plastic strain ε p ( % ) under different tang...

Fig. 15 Variations of the plastic strain ε p ( % ) under different tangent modulus of substrate of E T = 10 GPa , E T = 30 GPa , and E T = 50 GPa ( v 00 = − 0.1 m / s , n = 0.95 ) More about this image found in Variations of the plastic strain ε p ( % ) under different tang...

Fig. 1 Measuring roughness of the screw raceway with the white light interferometer [ 20 ] More about this image found in Measuring roughness of the screw raceway with the white light interferomete...

Fig. 2 Coordinate system transformation More about this image found in Coordinate system transformation